Arrangement of motor in power plant

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to power plants which are based on the internal combustion engines (ICE) and can be used in vehicles: planes, cars, tractors, vessels, including boats, etc., as well as stationary and mobile power plants. Among positive effects which are reached by the invention,—improvement of charge-air cooling, and characteristics of charge-air-coolers. For this purpose charge-air direct, for example, to a tubular frame of the power plant. Another section of the tubular frame connected to the intake manifold of the engine. Passing through the hollow frame, charge-air is cooled. 
     Thus without any special intercooler cooling of the charge air is reached. If the hollow frame is part of the aircraft, it is blown by air and charge-air is well cooled.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to power plants with internal combustion engines,and can be used in vehicles: cars, planes, tractors, vessels, includingboats, etc., as well as stationary and portable engines.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Prototype of the present invention is the standard arrangement of theengine and its units at power plant. Thus arrangement used at themajority of cars, planes and other vehicles and stationary machines. Inthe above mentioned vehicles and stationary machines there are enoughhollow elements some of which are listed below. Many big and/orprestigious cars, as well as tractors, construction equipment, etc. havebumpers (and other protections for real protection against impact ordecorative) in the form of tubes of big diameter. Many vehicles andplanes have hollow elements: wings, body sill, pillars and frames of abody, an axis, etc. The, car, plane, tractor, locomotive, ship, bicycle,the power generator with ICE (including current generator for hand tool,compressor, etc.), construction equipment, etc.—often have a hollowframe, a support with hollow element, etc.

At a motor saw (generally chainsaw for cutting of trees, etc.), mower,lawn-mower hollow elements can be handle or frame.

In the most of power plants not hollow elements, for example, not hollowframes can be replaced by corresponding hollow inside elements.

Cooling devices considerably increase dimensions and weight of powerplant. Air blow-off these cooling devices requires energy. At parts ofplanes, radiators are blown by air stream that increases rollingresistance to plane movement, therefore increases energy consumption.

Heat-exchange surfaces of hollow elements of a design in known powerplants aren't used for cooling of charge-air, cooling liquid, oil oflubrication system and oil of engine oil cooling system. For stationaryand portable power plant it is convective transfer. And for vehicles—isa heat exchange with air which blows in the external surfaces of hollowelements of a design when driving vehicles.

It is means that the natural blowing happening without additional powerconsumption isn't used.

At ships, including boat (at known arrangement of motor in the powerplant) the heat exchange of hollow elements directly with surroundingwater isn't used, for example, heat exchange of hollow elements, whichis a part of boards of a vessel, isn't used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically represents the plane with a piston internalcombustion engine. There are shown the hollow frame passing around thefuselage. The tail fixed to the frame.

FIG. 2 shows: a longitudinal section of the hollow frame, thefour-cylinder engine with a turbocharger, the exhaust gas flow from theexhaust valves to the turbine (black arrows), the charge-air flow (whitearrows).

FIG. 3 shows the tube being a hollow element of a design and using forseparation and cooling of an air-oil mixture, which cooled an internalsurface of a rotor and lubricated gears of Wankel engine. In the tubedisks with slots are established. These disks help separation of oil andcooling of the air-oil mixture.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the use of offered arrangement of ICE forcooling the charge-air in the plane with a piston engine. The engine 1rotates the propeller 2. Each of four cylinders of the engine has intakeand exhaust valves. Intake valves of four cylinders in FIG. 2 arenumbered: 3, 4, 5, 6. Exhaust valves of four cylinders in FIG. 2 arenumbered: 7, 8, 9, 10.

The exhaust valves 7, 8, 9, 10 are connected to the turbine 11 of theturbocharger 12. The compressor 13 of this turbocharger is connected byan outlet branch pipe with the hollow element of the plane, namely, tothe hollow frame 14 passing round a fuselage. The intake manifold of theengine is connected with this hollow frame. Specifically, the internalcavity of the frame 14 connected with the engine intake valves bybranches 15, 16, 17, 18 of the intake manifold: the branch 15 connectsthe internal cavity of the frame 14 with the intake valve 3, the branch16—with the intake valve 4, the branch 17—with the intake valve 5, thebranch 18—with the intake valve 6.

The internal cavity of the frame 14 is divided by the partition 19 whichserves for the direction of movement of charge-air.

To intensify the heat exchange the internal surface of the frame has tobe supplied with ribs or other well-known elements intensifies the heattransfer. Use of a spiral, partitions and other details improving a heattransfer from air to walls of the frame is possible. For increase theheat transfer from the external surface of the frame, it can be suppliedwith the edges parallel to the axis of the plane.

Combustion products from the exhaust valves 7, 8, 9, 10 flow into theturbine 11. In FIG. 2 this flow of products of combustion is shown byblack arrows. The turbine 11 rotates the compressor 13 which boosts airto the frame 14 (to the internal cavity of this frame). Due to thepartition 19, charge-air (its flow is shown by white arrows) beforeadmission in the intake manifold passes (in length, in extent) the mostpart, of the hollow frame. Along this way charge-air is cooled,adjoining with cold walls of the frame. (Or it is adjoining with coldwalls of the frame and the additional details intensifying the heattransfer from the air to the walls of the frame.) The cooled air flowfrom the frame through branches 15, 16, 17, 18 of intake manifold intothe intake valves respectively 3, 4, 5, 6. Then the ordinary workingcycle of ICE with turbocharging and intercooling of charge-air iscarried out. Similarly the cooling of the charge-air when using suchhollow elements of the plane as: the wings, tail, landing gear, otherframes, in particular, an engine frame, tubes, which connect the wingsand tail plane (twin-boom fuselage), the fuselage, etc.

Charge-air cooling in other vehicles is carried out in the same way asin the planes.

Charge-air boosts into hollow elements of cars, motorcycles, tractors,locomotives, bicycles, construction equipment, ships or other vehiclesor stationary machines and portable engines: electric power-generators,hand tool, compressors, mowing machines, lawn-mowers, saw, etc. Ashollow elements of designs used: bumpers (and other protections for realprotection against shock or decorative), car fenders or fenders of theother abovementioned machines, body sills, flashes, body frames, hollowaxes, elements for support and protection of stationary ICE, etc. Inthese cases fenders of the car and other above-mentioned and similardetails and parts made so that they have a cavity inside, for example,in the form of boxes, tubes, pipes.

Use of hollow elements of a design of power plant for cooling of oil andliquid of the cooling system of the engine is absolutely similar. Placeof an exit of hot cooling liquid or hot oil by an output branch pipeconnects to a hollow element of a design.

Other place of the hollow element of a design connects, to the inlet ofcooling liquid (coolant, cooled liquid) to the engine, for example, tothe inlet branch pipe of the engine cooling system or to the inlet ofthe lubrication system and/or oil cooling system of the engine. Coolingliquid or oil flow through the hollow element(hollow elements) of thedesign, therefore cooling without radiator installation or radiatorreduction are reached.

In the version of the rotary engine and, in particular, in Wankel engineoil or/and air-oil mixture as a coolant delivers on inside surface ofthe rotor (rotor-piston). Under the inside surface the lateralcylindrical surface of a circular-hole in the rotor and/or atooth-gearing on the inside of the rotor (rotor-piston) means. Under theoil delivers is meant: oil injection on the internal surface of therotor or supply to the rotor internal surface oil-air mixture (oil mist)or lubrication oil running off. Then the oil or/and air-oil mixture istaken away from the engine for the subsequent cooling in the powerplant's hollow elements.

In turbocharged engines at high loadings the waste gate bypasses exhaustgases, i.e. part of exhaust gases throws out. In version of the presentinvention energy of these gases is used. For example, this energy isused for the organization of flow of the cooling oil-air mixture or airthrough the internal cavity of the rotor. In particular, this energy isused for ejection of the air-oil mixture or air cooling the rotor. Forthis purpose the ejector which connects to the internal cavity of therotor and waste gate channel is installed. Thus without special expensesof energy, due to energy of thrown-out exhaust gases, flow of theair-oil mixture or air and respectively cooling of the internal surfaceof the rotor is carried out.

For reduction of oil losses, devices for separation oil from air and forthe oil return to the lubrication system and/or to system of oil-coolingof the rotor are installed in the power plant's hollow elements. As oilseparation devices, for example, standard centrifugal separators of oilcan be used.

Devices for separation of oil can combine functions of separation andimprovement the heat transfer from oil to the walls of the power planthollow elements. In FIG. 3 is shown the simplest version of such device.In the horizontal tube 20 are mounted round disks, three of which: 21,22, 23 are shown in FIG. 3. In the disks are cut out in turn the first(disks 21, 23) and second (disk 22) quadrants and the groove 24 are cutthrough in the disks bottom. The air-oil mixture from the internalcavity of the rotor is supplied into the tube 20. Movement of theair-oil mixture in FIG. 3 shows with white arrows. During flow throughthe cut-out parts of disks the flow direction of the mixture changes andoil separates. The oil then flows down to the bottom of the tube andthrough the grooves 24 and the bottom of the tube drain downs in the oiltank located below the tube. At the same time due to heat exchange withthe cold disks and tube wall oil is cooled.

The air-oil mixture supply from under piston space or from internalcavity of the rotor into the hollow elements of the power plant can becarried out by many methods and devices. For example, the air-oilmixture can be sucked away by the centrifugal compressor (through itsinlet branch pipe) from the internal cavity of the rotor and (throughexhaust branch pipe of the same compressor) boosts the air-oil mixtureinto the power plant's hollow elements. In the last the mixture iscooled and separated, air is taken away from the power plant hollowelements outside, and the separated oil comes back to system oflubrication and/or cooling of the engine oil.

Air or air-oil mixture can be supplied into the internal cavity of therotor variously: by wind blast at vehicle movement, by the superchargercompression or the fan, by the compressor given to rotation by theturbine (turbocharger) which rotates by exhaust gases, etc.

In case of use of the turbine it is possible to use in the turbine thatpart of exhaust gases which on the high loads is bypassed around theturbocharger's turbine through the waste gate.

What is claimed is:
 1. Arrangement of motor in the power plant having ahollow elements of a design, the engine with at least one of thefollowing devices: the intake and exhaust manifolds, the compressor forcharge-air compression, the devices for charge-air cooling, the liquidcooling system of the engine, lubrication system and oil cooling ofparts of the engine, the device for oil cooling, the device forbleed-off the oil from the engine, said compressor, devices of cooling,the device of bleed-off of oil—having inlet and outlet branch pipes,wherein for the purpose of use of the said hollow elements at least oneof above-mentioned devices is connected to the hollow element. 2.Arrangement of motor according to claim 1, wherein for the purpose ofcooling of charge-air in the hollow element the outlet branch pipe ofthe compressor and the intake manifold of the engine are connected withthe hollow element.
 3. Arrangement of motor according to claims 1, 2,wherein for the purpose of cooling of charge-air in the hollow elementthe inlet branch pipe of the device for charge-air cooling is connectedwith the outlet branch pipe of the compressor, outlet branch of thedevice for charge-air cooling is connected with the hollow element whichis connected to the intake manifold.
 4. Arrangement of motor accordingto claims 1, 2, 3, wherein at least one of devices for charge-aircooling is connected with the hollow element and with the intakemanifold.
 5. Arrangement of motor according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 1, 3, 4,wherein for the purpose of cooling the coolant in the hollow elementsthe liquid cooling system of the engine is connected to the hollowelement.
 6. Arrangement of motor according to claim 1, 2, 4, 5 or 1, 3,4, 5, wherein for the purpose of cooling the oil in the hollow elementsat least one of the following devices: lubrication system, oil coolingOf parts of the engine system, the device for oil cooling, the devicefor bleed-off the oil from the engine is connected to the hollowelement.
 7. Arrangement of motor according to claim 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 or 1,3, 4, 5, 6, wherein for the purpose of cooling the oil in the hollowelements and oil recirculation the device of bleed-off the oil from theengine is connected to the hollow element.
 8. Arrangement of motoraccording to claims 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, wherein forthe purpose of cooling the oil in the hollow elements and oilrecirculation the device of bleed-off the oil from the engine isconnected to the hollow element that contain oil separation device andair vent, and the hollow element is connected to an oil tank. 9.Arrangement of motor according to claims 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 1, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, wherein the device of bleed-off the oil from the engine isConnected to the hollow element, which is located above at least one ofthe following devices: lubrication and oil cooling system, oil tank.